@ARTICLE{26543117_49649007_2012, 
	author = {Mokhammed Sarker}, 
	keywords = {, municipal government, participation, self-reliant, citizen inclusion, local level developmentsustainability},
	title = {Attaining Self-reliance and Sustainability of Local Level Development through Citizen Participation. Experience from Bangladesh},
	journal = {Public Administration Issues},
	year = {2012},
	number = {1},
	pages = {106-126},
	url = {https://vgmu.hse.ru/en/2012--1/49649007.html},
	publisher = {},
	abstract = {This article examines the necessity of bottom-up planning and citizen inclusion in lieu of the top-down approach at the local level development and it explores the potentiality of attaining self-reliance and sustainability of local level initiatives through citizen participation. It looks into citizen inclusion with an assumption that local knowledge is a prerequisite of responsiveness in determining local priorities and pro-poor development through which local citizen could be self dependent and local initiatives could be sustained for a longer period. Before writing this article, a participatory initiative named the «Participatory Rural Development Project» (PRDP), implemented jointly by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the government of Bangladesh were studied. This article addresses two questions like- (1) why is citizen participation necessary? (2) What would be the role of citizen participation to make local people self-reliant and to ensure sustainability of the initiatives? In fact, six reasons were identifi ed: coverage, dignity, efficiency, effectiveness, self-reliance and sustainability behind opting for citizen inclusion in local level development. The study found that PRDP nearly failed to inculcate a sense of self-reliance among local citizens. The traditional mindset of local citizens, to be dependent on others, did not change to a required level and they were still possessed by a mood of dependency. Furthermore, the absence of self-reliance meant the sustainability was under threat. While efficiency, effectiveness, coverage and dignity were somewhat attained, PRDP could be described as having almost failed in the issue of self-reliance and sustainability.},
	annote = {This article examines the necessity of bottom-up planning and citizen inclusion in lieu of the top-down approach at the local level development and it explores the potentiality of attaining self-reliance and sustainability of local level initiatives through citizen participation. It looks into citizen inclusion with an assumption that local knowledge is a prerequisite of responsiveness in determining local priorities and pro-poor development through which local citizen could be self dependent and local initiatives could be sustained for a longer period. Before writing this article, a participatory initiative named the «Participatory Rural Development Project» (PRDP), implemented jointly by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the government of Bangladesh were studied. This article addresses two questions like- (1) why is citizen participation necessary? (2) What would be the role of citizen participation to make local people self-reliant and to ensure sustainability of the initiatives? In fact, six reasons were identifi ed: coverage, dignity, efficiency, effectiveness, self-reliance and sustainability behind opting for citizen inclusion in local level development. The study found that PRDP nearly failed to inculcate a sense of self-reliance among local citizens. The traditional mindset of local citizens, to be dependent on others, did not change to a required level and they were still possessed by a mood of dependency. Furthermore, the absence of self-reliance meant the sustainability was under threat. While efficiency, effectiveness, coverage and dignity were somewhat attained, PRDP could be described as having almost failed in the issue of self-reliance and sustainability.}
}