Focus of sociology in studies of Russian local self-government is within bounds of different aspects of interpretation of «local self-government» concept. Author deals with the social aspect, when main issue is a subject of local self-government. Relevance of this theme is determined by that the solving of problems of institutionalization of public associations objectively appears as a factor of local self-government institute development. Elaboration of strategies for sustainable development of municipalities, taking into consideration regional particularity and on the basis of implementation of new management technologies, also is needed.