The article summarizes the study results of the state management mechanisms effectiveness in the field of scientific and technological development. The need to form long-term scientific and technological forecasts to achieve the goals of state socio-economic development, to increase the national economy competitiveness and overcome the technological gap from the leading countries increases the relevance of the research area. The main hypothesis of the study states the assumption about the inconsistency of the state management mechanisms and research effectiveness in the context of state scientifi c and technological development priorities. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the mechanisms of state management of scientific and technological development related to the selection and justification of technological priorities, from the perspective of achieving the country’s strategic goals in this area. The authors proved that the low share of technological innovations and high dependence on imports of hightech products and essential technologies are initially caused by low efficiency and effectiveness of research activities, expressed in the number of patent applications filed and previous significant publications. This, in turn, directly depends on state support for the scientific sector and the implementation of state management mechanisms for the priorities of scientific and technological development.