Digitalization is becoming a new reality in the development of society and the economy, digital industrialization is its basis. The effectiveness of the implementation of such industrialization directly depends on the solution of the fundamental tasks of forming favorable institutional conditions and effective network interaction of neighboring states, which has actualized the research topic. The aim of the study is to determine the vector of improving the institutional conditions for the transition of neighboring states to digital industrialization. The object of the research is determined by the state directive and program documents of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, affecting the issues of digitalization of industry. The research used methods of comparative, informational, statistical analysis, content analysis, a formalized method of parsing and analysis of directive and program documents. The authors studied the phenomenon of “digital industrialization” and systematized knowledge on the study of the institutional basis for the implementation of this process, which made it possible to substantiate the expediency of analyzing directive and program documents on digitalization in neighboring states. The analytical methodology is based on the theoretical premise that this process affects progress in five areas: engineering and technology, production, management, institutions and society. Accordingly, the analysis of program and directive documents was carried out from the point of view of ensuring technical and technological, production, organizational, economic, institutional and socio-cultural opportunities for digitalization in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The results of the study are recommendations for improving policy and policy documents affecting digital industrialization, as well as for forming a pilot project to create an ecosystem for the implementation of joint digital projects in the industrial complex of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.