Vietnam has been suffering and will most likely continue to suffer from the devastating effects of COVID-19 on health, economy, and society in the coming months and years.  This study aims to analyze key response strategies against this pandemic in the Vietnamese context. The findings indicated that primary factors have contributed to preventing the COVID-19 success, including a well-developed public health system, a decisive central government, and a proactive containment strategy based on comprehensive testing, tracing, and quarantining. Consequently, Vietnam is trying to achieve “two parallel objectives” during COVID-19; the first goal is pandemic prevention and control in order to protect community health, and the second one is socio-economic recovery and development. This study analyzed the eight primary strategies of the Vietnamese government in order to achieve these “two parallel goals” during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a postCOVID-19 socio-economic response and recovery framework including five strategic pillars was recommended. These findings are expected to provide useful insights for developing appropriate intervention strategies in Vietnam and other similar countries worldwide.