Issue 2024 no1 contents:

A scientific article is devoted to the formation of personnel reserves in the system of public power, understanding the conceptual foundations, parameters, and criteria that determine the effectiveness of their formation and use. Based on the analysis of managerial practices at both the federal and regional levels, key problem areas, factors and conditions that affect the processes of the institutionalization of personnel reserves are identified. The article presents the results of sociological research, an analysis of the practice of forming personnel reserves in the context of sociocultural dynamics, and transformation processes in the public administration system, and defines the features of reservist motivation, the level of readiness for self-development, personal and professional mobility, and career expectations. The authors disclose the issues of conceptual, methodological and technological support for personnel reserve management through the prism of the maturity of personnel technologies, and justify that the management of personnel reserves in the public sphere goes beyond the exclusively organizational context and integrates into a macro-social context. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a vision of new conceptual approaches and principles for developing personnel reserves in the public sphere in the framework of implementing national priorities and strategic goals of the country's sustainable development.

Differences in the practice of Big Data (BD) usage between the private and public sectors are causing a problem of public administration access to advanced BD technologies and methods used in business. The high potential of BD is in demand by public organizations while private businesses hold these technologies and methods. The study of barriers to the dissemination of a practice of BD usage in public administration allows identification of possibilities and directions for BD production and use by public organizations. Russian and foreign cases of production and incorporation of BD in public administration for their analysis were selected from scientific and business sources. The barriers limiting work with BD in public administration are identified: a legal regulation of BD implementation, the structure and functioning of the IT infrastructure of public administration, requirements for the quality of data as content, and the scope and scale of socio-political development problems in public administration. Analysis of BD application in public administration has shown the ways of BD production, such as signal reception and date entry, as well as the necessity of using the IT infrastructure of business. Ways of implementing BD vary due to their multitasking in the public and private sectors. Since BD accumulated by public organizations is in demand by private businesses, providing a data access mechanism can be an approach to enhancing the digital economy at the local and state levels. The study demonstrates the high importance of finding the ways to develop and disseminate BD for public authorities.

To assess the effectiveness of managing the impact of society on the environment, politicians and researchers use modeling of socio-economic processes with regard to environmental challenges and effects. The current paper explores the “pressure-state-response” model (PSR): human activity impacts the natural environment (pressure) and affects its quality and quantity of natural resources (state); society responds to these changes through policies as well as through changes in consciousness and behavior (response). Based on the theories of practice, we considered the element of “pressure” that shows the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment as a set of social practices, by changing the elements of which we can effectively manage the current state and possible responses. As a result, we selected the ideas that may help overcome the limitations of the “pressure-state-response” model. Besides, we described social practices as an element of “pressure”, focusing on the connections of social practices with the elements of “state” and “response” to explain how social meanings, competencies, and infrastructure determine the use of natural resources and how the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment should be reduced. We also identified possible approaches to developing indicators that characterize the components of the “pressure-state-response” model. The article may be of interest to researchers studying the processes of greening, scientists using the “pressure-state-response” model, and authorities developing more effective responses to the degradation of the natural environment.

In the Russian Federation, «general plans» are commonly used as territorial planning tools developed to regulate the prospective development of cities. They determine the functional distribution of territorial resources for the purposes of building formation and the establishment of its permissible parameters. However, «general plans» are being increasingly criticized, primarily due to their simplified and standard approach to forecasting the city’s future development, which fails to consider the real long-term socio-economic and technological trends, managerial aspects and changing needs of citizens. This requires a constant alteration of documents designed to last for at least 20 years. The territorial planning system needs a significant transformation. However, questions arise as to whether to keep the usual «general plans» or replace them with master plans that go beyond the urban planning approach, and combine strategic and project forms of long-term planning. Will the replacement of documents help the implementation of urban development plans? Or is the form of the document not so important, provided that proactive proposals are actively taken into account, policies based on long-term forecasting are applied, and digital and other modern tools are used? The article discusses approaches to updating the territorial planning system, the specifics of the formation and conditions for the development of master plans, and the assessment of their success in achieving their goals.

The article substantiates the necessity of coordinating general plans with social processes in cities. It also explores the opportunities for enriching the data used for urban planning by employing social research methods. The main methods of sociological support for different stages of urban planning activities, from agglomeration and urban planning to monitoring of conflict situations at the construction stage, are presented. The data from a sociological study conducted in the cities of the southern Moscow region demonstrate the potential for forming a distributed agglomeration by increasing connectivity and diversifying settlement functions.