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Research and educational journal
Published quarterly since 2007
ISSN 1999-5431
E-ISSN 2409-5095
Issue 2022 no1 contents:
THE THEORY AND PRACTICES OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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49–77
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Current study analyzes the types of measures aimed at supporting exporters. The article focuses on the analysis of support for Russian exporters of non-resource non-energy goods, as well as institutions that act as government agents to provide this support. Hypothesis of the study: Russian export support institutions have had a positive impact on the growth of non-resource non-energy exports from Russia by increasing the efficiency of their work and provided support measures. In the course of testing the hypothesis, several nuances were revealed. In particular, Russian publicly available information on the volume of support for exporters, the volume of non-resource non-energy exports from Russia is quite scarce. At the same time, the available data indicate that Russia remains dependent on energy exports. The analysis showed that during the period of active promotion of exports from Russia since 2015, there are no obvious trends in the growth of exports of non-resource non-energy goods. At the same time, there are no obvious trends in improving the efficiency of support institutions and the provided support measures: it is shown on the example of one of the non-financial support measures that this measure is duplicated by information from international organizations. Based on the identified relationships, the article formulates conclusions regarding a possible increase in the efficiency of export support institutions, as well as the measures themselves. The findings also include streamlining the requirements for the provision of support, as well as strengthening interaction with international organizations.
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78–100
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Now Russia is undergoing a reform of the control and supervisory activity of the “regulatory guillotine”, which is designed to significantly reduce the number of mandatory requirements in the legislation, leaving only those that are necessary and should be controlled among them. In the presented article, the principles of this reform are applied to the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES). Russian legislation understands the quality of education as compliance with these standards, but their number is extremely large, which previously made it difficult to systematically study them. However, the application of methods of computational jurisprudence made it possible to analyze one of the sections “Conditions for the implementation of the program” for 720 FSES of higher education (specialist’s, bachelor’s, and master's). The computer program generated a “generalized summary” of texts without loss of content (for all federal state educational standards of each level of education). In it, duplicated and similar fragments were combined, differences and variations in wording, noted and visualized. The volume of analysis has decreased by more than 35 times, and an expert assessment of all the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard became possible. Previously, this method has not been used in computational jurisprudence. As a result, the original tens of thousands of requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard were divided into four categories, three of which are recommended for exclusion (for appropriate reasons), the rest is “mandatory requirements”. These 5 generalized universal requirements are suitable for use in control and supervision activities, and liability can be established for their violation.
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101–123
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The subject of discussion is the phenomenological typology of practically implemented municipal management strategies, as well as the influence of external factors on the preference of a certain type of strategy. The research hypothesis assumes that the choice and preference of a certain management strategy depends on external non-political factors. Using a qualitative methodology (direct observation and in-deep interviews) the materials of several hundred field studies of the practice of municipal government in provincial local communities in 2006-2021 were summarized. We have previously described four extreme cases of management strategies: (1) real local self-government; (2) "landlord" management; (3) "Soviet-type” governance; (4) "politicized" governance. The used management strategies remain unchanged in municipalities for a long time. The preference for a certain strategy is mainly due to several factors. Those are (1) spatial isolation of the local society, (2) the duration of community’s live, (3) possibilities for the population to use local natural resources and ownerless property, (4) the ability to resources’ control by representatives of local authorities, (5) dependence of the municipality on external state financial and economic support. The revealed non-political factors have predictive value for the governmental administration from the point of view of the local level of public authority.
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124–147
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The article proposes an original methodology for assessing the stability of the spatial development of the regions of Siberia and the Far East of Russia through the prism of the component of the triad of sustainable development. The results of the calculation of the Index of Sustainability of Spatial Development of Regions (SPR) are presented. On the basis of the Index all regions were divided into 3 groups: Priority – “sustainable”; Functioning – “stable”; Problem – “unstable”. The assumption is formulated that, due to the differentiation of natural landscapes - from comfortable to absolutely unfavorable, multiplied by the variable severity of the climate - extensive territorial development is not required for the spatial development of a number of subjects of the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts. Renovation of the network of outposts and infrastructure, a selective policy for the development of settlements, the shift method (with a minimally sufficient set of social functions) will bring a much greater effect. The importance of the transition from the redistribution of resources to the redistribution of opportunities and equalization of the investment attractiveness of the regions of Siberia and the Far East (the creation of conditions attractive for the growth of capitalization of territories and, accordingly, improving livelihoods and sustainability) is emphasized. From a practical point of view, the results of the study can be used in variant scenario planning of the spatial development of the country's regions.
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148–169
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Aging creates demand for the integration of health and social services, as it ensures more timely response and better satisfaction of patients' needs for treatment and care and helps to contain the growth of costs of the services. The research aims at assessing the current level of integration of health and social services for the elderly in Russia. List of possible integration mechanisms that may coordinate work provision of services to the elderly was elaborated. Analysis of the regulatory framework and interviews with leaders and workers of health and social care in three Russian regions (Oryol Oblast, Karelia and North Ossetia) was carried out to determine the existing and implementing forms of integration and to assess the level of integration and barriers to its increase. The current level of integration of social and medical services in Russia seems to be low. In recent years, there has been a transition from a strict division of responsibility of departments to an integrated system, but the parameters of the transition have not been sufficiently developed. Significant barriers to integration (administrative, legal, financial, and related to staffing) exist. The results of the study can be used in work of federal and regional authorities to improve health care, social services and long-term care for the elderly, and by commercial and non-profit social service organizations.
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170–192
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Nowadays solving the problem of homelessness is not among the priorities of the State social policy. This fact is caused by the complexity of the problem scale’s evaluation, as well as a lack of relevant research. Contemporary studies are devoted to a nature, causes of appearance, negative aspects, some methods of dealing with the homelessness phenomena, but those investigations are not much oriented at the development of the systemized approach to such a problem group of citizens. The paper summarizes the results of the survey of foreign researchers and the analysis of the approaches developed abroad. The authors fixed upon a reasonable and relevant approach, based on the specificity of a national scientific and managerial tradition. The comprehensive approach to solving the problem of homelessness, as well as social adaptation and re-socialisation of homeless people in the Russian regions is described in the paper. The authors developed a Model of social adaptation and re-socialisation of homeless people in a region. The Model presents a schematic description of an activity system that coordinate goals, tasks, responsible authorities, instruments, stages of performance, financial sources and criteria for effectiveness evaluation with each other. The developed Model of social adaptation and re-socialisation of homeless people will allow improving the process of inter-departmental interaction and providing the systematic approach to dealing with the homeless people.
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193–219
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The subject of this study is the individual characteristics of the unemployed, which determine the speed of exit from registered unemployment to various employment options or economic inactivity. The relevance of such assessments is determined by the reform of the State Regional Employment Services, which began in 2019. In the very beginning of the reform it is important to understand which citizens, with which individual characteristics, are employed through the State Regional Employment Services and for which jobs. The article shows with whom the state employment centers are already working quite effectively, and which categories of citizens are still more successful in finding work on their own. The Tyumen region has become one of 16 pilot subjects of the Russian Federation in which the transition to a new type of the State Regional Employment Service started earlier than in most Russian regions. In addition in 2019 the institution of paying benefits to registered unemployed people has changed. That is why in our study we refer to the data for 2019, kindly provided to the authors of the article by the Employment Service of the Tyumen region. The purpose of this work is to assess the influence of individual characteristics of the unemployed on the duration of stay in the status of a registered unemployed. Estimates of the Kaplan-Meier function to determine the exit from unemployment were carried out for various socio-demographic groups, taking into account gender, age and educational heterogeneity of individuals, as well as differences in their place of residence. The study was carried out on data provided by the employment services of the Tyumen region for 2019. The results showed that individuals with a low level of human capital (without higher education), as well as those who lived in a village and / or agreed to temporary employment, were the fastest to get employed with the help of employment services. Those who found work on their own, as a rule, got employed in higher career positions. The least qualified unemployed are the fastest to join the group of economically inactive people. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the modernization of the employment service, increasing its role in employment is impossible without the formation of a more diverse bank of vacancies, close cooperation with employers and the formation of effective approaches to the employment of unemployed with a high level of qualifications.
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