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Research and educational journal
Published quarterly since 2007
ISSN 1999-5431
E-ISSN 2409-5095
Issue 2024 no2 contents:
THE THEORY AND PRACTICES OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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7–40
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In 2024, a federal personnel reserve in the civil service was established as provided for in legislation adopted exactly two decades ago. Thus, the formation of a vertical of reserves has been completed, parallel to which there are managerial reserves that are largely similar in purpose and new quasi-reserves are appearing (for example, the “Leaders of Russia” competition). In the article we analyze trends in the personnel policy of the Russian Federation, taking into account the emergence of the federal reserve. Bibliometric analysis revealed a stable research interest in the problems of the civil service and reserves without direct connection with the reforms. Using chronological and comparative legal methods, we summarized stages of formation of the civil service reserves. When creating the federal reserve, problems were noted with the implementation of such functions as personnel retention and selection based on merit (meritocracy). We used an institutional approach to describe the cadre vertical in civil service and the place of the federal reserve in this vertical. We have proved that the federal reserve institutionalizes neopatrimonial practices and legitimizes subjectivity of certain officials of the Presidential Administration in the cadre vertical. Also, we used the SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the future of the cadre vertical. The conclusion is substantiated that the emergence of the federal reserve completes building an institutional model of national civil service. The cadre vertical has been developed and there are no visible prerequisites for its significant transformation. The request for changes is satisfied not by institutional reform of the civil service, but by an attempt to build a parallel institution of “public” service, ensuring the involvement of the public sector managers in the cadre vertical. Such changes continue the creation of a unified system of public authority, provided for in 2020 by amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
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41–63
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The article discusses the arguments related to the financial features of managing "green" industrial reindustrialization. The stages of evolution of business models of industrial enterprises within the framework of transition to sustainable development and technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation are described. The concept of "green" industry is interpreted, and its essential characteristics are revealed. The dynamics of changes in the eco-investment index values is presented and the forecast of the use of energy efficiency technologies in certain sectors of the Russian industry in the period 2021-2023 is presented. The paper discusses the results of the implementation of "green" renewable energy projects and the introduction of industrial eco-technologies by Russian oil and gas companies in the context of Russia's adoption of the updated Climate Doctrine. The article offers an interpretation of the volume of budget allocations for decarbonization, the development of alternative energy sources and the transition to a closed-loop economy in the draft Federal Budget of the Russian Federation for 2024 and the planning period 2025-2026 in the context of state programs and federal projects. The main directions of industrial policy within the development of the strategic scenario for the "green" reindustrialization of the Russian economy are proposed. |
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64–84
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The paper considers how the state’s success in delivering public services can be evaluated in a new proactive mode. This new format implies the provision of services based on data from the agencies, without officials’ participation, by automated algorithms. Such changes require the development of completely new competencies in public bodies, from technical to legal. The success of implementation should be confirmed by regular monitoring based on the evaluation of such implementation and the quality of proactive public services. The goal of our work is to develop a methodological approach to the assessment of implementation and quality of proactive public services. In order to achieve this goal a set of methods was used: methods of expert analysis, formal legal, historical legal and comparative legal methods. The results of the research were the development of the concept and definition of the main directions for realization of the public services proactive mode, their classification and our own approach to the development of a methodology for assessing the implementation and quality of proactive public services. The current research is a pioneering independent study of the proactive mode of public services in the context of the President’s instructions and program documents implementation.
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85–109
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The article draws attention to the problem of the current lack of a comprehensive assessment of the impact of digitalization in public administration on its quality. In order to contribute to its solution, we have developed the methodology to assess the impact of the digitalization of public administration on its quality from the point of view of citizens and the results of its application. The source of data for assessing the impact of digitalization in public administration on its quality based on this methodology was the results of nationwide social surveys of citizens conducted by the RANEPA (2022-2024) with the participation of the authors. Respondents evaluated, among other things, proposed statements about the consequences of the digitalization of public administration, correlated with the main parameters of the quality of public administration (its validity, efficiency, and effectiveness). The results of applying the methodology allow us to draw conclusions: a) about the feasibility of using it to assess the state's efforts to digitalize public administration; b) about the very high assessment by citizens of the impact of digitalization of public administration on key parameters of its quality: in 2022, the index of the impact of digitalization on the quality of public administration was 3.75 points; in 2023, 3.97 points; in 2024, 4 points.
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110–128
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Russia has developed and is implementing regional strategies for the digital transformation of economic, social and public administration sectors for 2022-2024, the results of which are the focus of this study. A comparative analysis of planned and actual estimates of digital maturity was carried out for various Russian regions using data on per capita financing of planned values of digital maturity for the period 2022-2024 and actual estimates of digital maturity were calculated. It is shown that at the initial stage, the digital transformation of Russian regions is ambiguous; there are regions where the actual values of digital maturity of industries are higher than those predicted for the coming periods, which indicates significant differences in digital development in the regions of the Russian Federation. These indicators of digital maturity in the presented regions were independently calculated by the authors of this work on the basis of regional digital transformation programs according to the official calculation algorithm taken from Order No. 600 of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications. In addition, the paper presents the planned and actual values of the country's digital maturity index. The difference between the planned and actual values in 2022 seems to be significant, especially in the sectors of healthcare and public administration. It is concluded that a large gap between the planned and actual values may cause that the planned values in some regions in 2023 and 2024 will not be reached, which may have a negative impact on the level of development of the country as a whole. The need to intensify efforts on digital transformation in healthcare and public administration in order to achieve the target values by 2024 is indicated. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen measures for the development of digital transformation in these industries at the regional level and reflect them in strategies. The results of the study do not pretend to be all-inclusive, but they influence the formation of methods for assessing regional digital maturity and will be of interest to regional authorities and researchers whose field of interest includes current trends in management and digital transformation.
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129–156
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The research focuses on the analysis of open data on public procurement of innovative products and on procurement of research and development services (R&D). The principle of stimulating innovations is enshrined in the legislation governing public procurement. However, the complexity of testing products for innovation criteria, the differences in classifying products as innovative and the specifics of conceptual and categorical framework in this sphere indicate the peculiarities of the implementation of the principle of stimulating innovation by contracting authorities regulated by 44-FL and by 223-FL. This research empirically answers the following questions: What procured products in the market are considered innovative by contracting authorities? What characteristics and peculiarities are specific to innovative public procurement in Russia? What types and categories of contracting authorities perform such procurement? We reveal that the procurement of innovations is related to the law under which the organization conducts purchases, as well as to the organizational and legal form of the contracting authority. The procurement of innovations is also influenced by the method of determining the supplier, the price of the product and the subject of the purchase. The results of the study show heterogeneity in the procurement of innovations by Russian contracting authorities and link this heterogeneity with the differences in the procurement legislation.
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157–182
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Federal Service for Labour and Employment (Rostrud) adopted risk-based regulation and enforcement principles by installing a system of inspections targeted according to the object’s risk profile. However, the criteria that are used to evaluate the object’ risk ranking and to assign risk categories have not been revised since 2017. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Rostrud inspection prioritization system in 2017-2023, identify its weaknesses and evaluate how external factors (two periods of inspection moratoria, introduction of prophylactics measures) affected the results of inspection activity. Statistical analysis based on data obtained from Rostrud, Federal State Statistics Service, SPARK-Interfax, Unified register of control (supervisory) measures and Unified register of inspections, demonstrates that companies have been moved from one risk group to another intensively during 2017-2023 (about 15% of them have changed the risk category drastically during only one year of observation). It also has revealed the number of shortcomings in Rosrtud risk evaluation methodology that led to estimation bias and miscategorization of supervised organizations. At the same time, the connection between both prophylactics and inspection prioritization and risk category is weak, while their results have little influence on risk category revision. The study resulted in recommendations about ways the risk categorization methodology can be improved with minimal additional costs. |
REVIEW OF FOREIGN PRACTICE
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183–210
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The article is devoted to the analysis of public policy measures to promote the principles of healthy eating among the population, which has become an integral part of the daily activities of public authorities and local governments in many developed countries. The authors identify the key determinants of people's dietary patterns; explore foreign experience of effective management decisions on changing the eating behavior of population of different countries (including economic, financial, educational, administrative and legislative mechanisms); present a typology of public policy measures available to the state to encourage the population to eat healthily (both at the federal and regional levels); identify the most effective of them. The possibilities of applying international experience in modern Russian realities are discussed and recommendations are formulated for improving public policy aimed at forming a model of healthy nutrition for Russians.
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