ПРОГРАММЫ ЗАНЯТОСТИ С УЧЕТОМ ЗДОРОВЬЯ: ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ОПЫТА
Ключевые слова:
занятость, здоровье, стратегия занятости, зарубежный опыт, политика, РФ
Аннотация
Эмпирические исследования демонстрируют двустороннюю взаимосвязь между состоянием здоровья и трудовой занятостью населения, что подчёркивает важность интеграции этих направлений в социальной политике. Цель настоящей статьи — выявить успешные международные практики по интеграции вопросов здоровья в политику занятости, а также сформулировать рекомендации по их адаптации в российском контексте.
На базе материалов научных исследований, нормативных актов и отчётной документации были изучены европейские подходы к реализации программ занятости с учётом состояния здоровья населения — как универсальные программы, так и программы, ориентированные на пожилых граждан. Результаты анализа выявили устойчивый тренд на межсекторальную интеграцию: программы трудоустройства реализуются в партнёрстве с медицинскими учреждениями, страховыми фондами и бизнесом. Также отмечаются тенденции к децентрализации полномочий на региональный уровень и индивидуализации поддержки. Программы, направленные на поддержку пожилого населения, сосредоточены на продлении трудовой активности пожилых за счёт адаптации рабочих мест, обучения и медико-социального сопровождения.
В качестве основного результата исследования были сформулированы прикладные меры, направленные на интеграцию политики занятости и охраны здоровья. Среди них: развитие дистанционных форм занятости с медицинским сопровождением; поддержка экономически неактивных граждан, имеющих длительный перерыв в трудовой деятельности по состоянию здоровья; внедрение модели поддерживаемого трудоустройства с профессиональным сопровождением. Эти предложения подчёркивают практическую значимость работы и могут лечь в основу пилотных программ в российских регионах.
Скачивания
Данные скачивания пока не доступны.
Литература
1. Аганбегян А.Г. Демография и здравоохранение на рубеже веков. Москва: Дело, 2016. 192 с.
2. Здоровье во всех стратегиях: использование возможностей, реализация стратегий / Под ред. К. Леппо и др. Хельсинки: Министерство социального обеспечения и здравоохранения Финляндии, 2013. 418 с.
3. Кисарева С.В. Япония: меры в сфере трудоустройства пожилых работников // Молодой ученый. 2023. Т. 32 № 479. С. 54–58. URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/479/105385/ (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
4. Кулагина Е.В. Занятость лиц с инвалидностью: возможности, приоритеты и результаты в государствах благосостояния. Часть вторая // Социологическая наука и социальная практика. 2025. Т. 13, № 1. С. 117–141.
5. Кучмаева О.В. Занятость инвалидов в регионах России: состояние, дифференциация, факторы // Статистика и экономика. 2020. Т. 17, № 5. С. 27–37.
6. Batty, E., Crisp, R., Gilbertson, J., Martin, P., Pardoe, J., Parkes, S., Sanderson, E., Scullion, L., & Wilson, I. Working Well: Early Help. Final Annual Report 2022. Sheffield: Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research (CRESR), Sheffield Hallam University, 2022. DOI:10.7190/cresr.2022.6213791987.
7. Black C.D., Frost D. Health at work – an independent review of sickness absence. London: TSO, 2011. 106 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7a1163e5274a319e7779eb/health-at-work.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
8. Black C.M. Working for a healthier tomorrow: Dame Carol Black's review of the health of Britain's working age population. London: TSO, 2008. 115 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c55bee5274a1b0042313c/hwwb-working-for-a-healthier-tomorrow.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
9. Bramwell, D., Coleman, A., Gartland, N., Clayson, A., Van Tongeren, M., & Carder, M. User research into referrals to expert work and health services: Final Report of Phase 2 research. Manchester: Policy Research Unit in Commissioning and the Healthcare System, Manchester Centre for Health Economics, 2023. URL: https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/279400245/GP_WH_User_Research_Final_Report_August_2023.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
10. Corporate report. DWP annual report and accounts 2021 to 2022. London: Department for Work and Pensions, 2022. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dwp-annual-report-and-accounts-2021-to-2022/dwp-annual-report-and-accounts-2021-to-2022 (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
11. Doyle J., Nightingale M., Dawney J., Whitmore M., van Stolk C., Hofman J. Effective contracting of employment and health services: Evidence review. DWP research report no. 93. October 2024.
12. Drydakis, N. The Effect of Unemployment on Self-Reported Health and Mental Health in Greece from 2008 to 2013: A Longitudinal Study before and during the Financial Crisis // Social Science & Medicine.2015. Vol. 128. P. 43–51. DOI:10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.12.025.
13. Every age counts. The Federal government demographic strategy. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Interior, Germany, 2012. 74 p.
14. Gebel, M., Voßemer, J. The impact of employment transitions on health in Germany. A difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach // Social Science & Medicine. 2014. Vol. 108. P. 128–136. DOI:10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.02.039.
15. Gloster R., Marvell R., Huxley C. Fit for Work: Final Report of a Process Evaluation. Research Report 959. 2018. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b23ca4940f0b634b73dbf5b/fit-for-work-final-report-of-a-process-evaluation.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
16. 16. Grossman M. On the concept of health capital and the demand for health // Journal of Political Economy. 1972. Vol. 80, no. 2. P. 223–255.
17. Hasmanova Marhankova J., Fries-Tersch E. Safer and healthier at work at any age: Country inventory Czech Republic. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. 26 p.
18. Hitchcock, A., Pickles, C., Riggs, A. The Work and Health Programme: Levelling the playing field. Reform, 2016. URL: https://bigsocietycapital.fra1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/documents/The_Work_and_Health_Programme_-_levelling_the_playing_field_-_Reform_-_2016.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
19. Hinrichs S., Bromberg T., Fries-Tersch E. Safer and healthier at work at any age: Country inventory Germany. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. 47 p.
20. Freiler A. et al. Glossary for the implementation of Health in All Policies (HiAP) // Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2013. Vol. 67. P. 1068–1072.
21. Johansson, E., Böckerman, P., Lundqvist, A. Self-reported health versus biomarkers: does unemployment lead to worse health? // Public Health. 2020. Vol. 179. P. 127–134. DOI:10.1016/J.PUHE.2019.10.005.
22. Kaneva, M. The Application of Quasi-Experimental Approaches to the Analysis of the Relationship Between Employment and Health // Panoeconomicus. 2024. P. 1–27. DOI:10.2298/PAN230130018K.
23. Kaneva M., Zafarjonova M. The Impact of Employment Transition on Self-reported Health in Russia (2015–2022) // Population and Economics. 2025. (in print).
24. Kolybashkina N., Sukhova A., Ustinova M., Demianova A., Shubina D. Barriers and Opportunities to Employment for Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2021. URL: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099320005122221061/pdf/P176669056fc9602008a55032965cb683b9.pdf (дата обращения: 16.08.2025).
25. Lelliott P., Tulloch S., Boardman J., Harvey S., Henderson M., Knapp M. Health, work and wellbeing. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2008. 68 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c194640f0b645ba3c6af5/hwwb-mental-health-and-work.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
26. Magnavita N. et al. Workplace health promotion programs in different areas of Europe // Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health. 2017. Vol. 14, no. 2. P. e12439-1–e12439-8.
27. Marmont, M., Bell, R. Fair society, healthy lives // Public Health. 2012. Vol. 126, Suppl. 1. P. S4–S10. DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.014.
28. McGee R., Bevan S., Quadrello T. Fit for work? Musculoskeletal disorders and the Dutch labour market. London: The Work Foundation, 2009. 101 p.
29. Melkas T. Health in all policies as a priority in Finnish health policy // Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2013. Vol. 41, Suppl. 11. P. 3–28.
30. Memorandum submitted by the Health and Safety Executive. 2006. URL: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmworpen/1143/6052402.htm (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
31. Newton B., Gloster R. Summary: Evaluation of the Health-led Employment Trials. Research and analysis, 2023. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-led-employment-trials-evaluation/summary-evaluation-of-the-health-led-employment-trials (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
32. OECD. Organisation of public employment services at the local level in Sweden // OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers. 2023. No. 2023/03. Paris: OECD Publishing. DOI:10.1787/24edca19-en.
33. Puska P., Stahl T. Health in All Policies — The Finnish initiative: Background, principles and other issues // The Annual Review of Public Health. 2010. Vol. 31.P. 315–328.
34. Ronchetti J., Terriau A. Impact of unemployment on self-perceived health // European Journal Health Economics. 2019. No. 20. P. 879–89. DOI:10.1007/s10198-019-01050-5
35. Schultz I., Stowell A., Feuerstein M., Gatchell R. Models of return to work for musculoskeletal disorders // Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 2007. Vol. 17. P. 327–352.
36. Schuring, M., Mackenbach, J., Voorham, T., Burdorf, A. The Effect of Re-employment on Perceived Health // Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 2011. Vol. 65, no. 7. P. 639–644. DOI:10.1136/JECH.2009.103838.
37. Skriabikova O., Cavaco Y., Fries-Tersch E. Safer and healthier at work at any age: Country inventory the Netherlands. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. 43 p.
38. Stauder, J. Unemployment, unemployment duration, and health: selection or causation? // The European Journal of Health Economics. 2019. Vol. 20, P. 59–73. DOI:10.1007/s10198-018-0982-2
39. Sustainable employability in regions and sectors in the Netherlands. OECD, 2025. URL: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/starting-scaling-and-sustaining-social-innovation_e870b06b-en/sustainable-employability-in-regions-and-sectors-in-the-netherlands_70fb849f-en.html (дата обращения: 02.07.2025).
40. Vaalavuo, M. Deterioration in health: What is the role of unemployment and poverty? // Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2016. Vol. 44, No. 4. P. 347–353. DOI:10.1177/1403494815623654.
41. Waddell G., Burton A.K. Is work good for your health and well-being? London: TSO, 2006. 257 p.
42. Waddell G., Burton A.K., Kendall N. Vocational Rehabilitation: What works, for whom, and when? London: TSO, 2008. 309 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7ccd8bed915d6b29fa8c2b/hwwb-vocational-rehabilitation.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
43. Work and Health Programme statistics: background information and methodology. Guidance. Last updated 29 May 2025. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/work-and-health-programme-statistics-background-information-and-methodology/work-and-health-progamme-statistics-background-information-and-methodology (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
2. Здоровье во всех стратегиях: использование возможностей, реализация стратегий / Под ред. К. Леппо и др. Хельсинки: Министерство социального обеспечения и здравоохранения Финляндии, 2013. 418 с.
3. Кисарева С.В. Япония: меры в сфере трудоустройства пожилых работников // Молодой ученый. 2023. Т. 32 № 479. С. 54–58. URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/479/105385/ (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
4. Кулагина Е.В. Занятость лиц с инвалидностью: возможности, приоритеты и результаты в государствах благосостояния. Часть вторая // Социологическая наука и социальная практика. 2025. Т. 13, № 1. С. 117–141.
5. Кучмаева О.В. Занятость инвалидов в регионах России: состояние, дифференциация, факторы // Статистика и экономика. 2020. Т. 17, № 5. С. 27–37.
6. Batty, E., Crisp, R., Gilbertson, J., Martin, P., Pardoe, J., Parkes, S., Sanderson, E., Scullion, L., & Wilson, I. Working Well: Early Help. Final Annual Report 2022. Sheffield: Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research (CRESR), Sheffield Hallam University, 2022. DOI:10.7190/cresr.2022.6213791987.
7. Black C.D., Frost D. Health at work – an independent review of sickness absence. London: TSO, 2011. 106 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7a1163e5274a319e7779eb/health-at-work.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
8. Black C.M. Working for a healthier tomorrow: Dame Carol Black's review of the health of Britain's working age population. London: TSO, 2008. 115 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c55bee5274a1b0042313c/hwwb-working-for-a-healthier-tomorrow.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
9. Bramwell, D., Coleman, A., Gartland, N., Clayson, A., Van Tongeren, M., & Carder, M. User research into referrals to expert work and health services: Final Report of Phase 2 research. Manchester: Policy Research Unit in Commissioning and the Healthcare System, Manchester Centre for Health Economics, 2023. URL: https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/279400245/GP_WH_User_Research_Final_Report_August_2023.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
10. Corporate report. DWP annual report and accounts 2021 to 2022. London: Department for Work and Pensions, 2022. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dwp-annual-report-and-accounts-2021-to-2022/dwp-annual-report-and-accounts-2021-to-2022 (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
11. Doyle J., Nightingale M., Dawney J., Whitmore M., van Stolk C., Hofman J. Effective contracting of employment and health services: Evidence review. DWP research report no. 93. October 2024.
12. Drydakis, N. The Effect of Unemployment on Self-Reported Health and Mental Health in Greece from 2008 to 2013: A Longitudinal Study before and during the Financial Crisis // Social Science & Medicine.2015. Vol. 128. P. 43–51. DOI:10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.12.025.
13. Every age counts. The Federal government demographic strategy. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Interior, Germany, 2012. 74 p.
14. Gebel, M., Voßemer, J. The impact of employment transitions on health in Germany. A difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach // Social Science & Medicine. 2014. Vol. 108. P. 128–136. DOI:10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.02.039.
15. Gloster R., Marvell R., Huxley C. Fit for Work: Final Report of a Process Evaluation. Research Report 959. 2018. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b23ca4940f0b634b73dbf5b/fit-for-work-final-report-of-a-process-evaluation.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
16. 16. Grossman M. On the concept of health capital and the demand for health // Journal of Political Economy. 1972. Vol. 80, no. 2. P. 223–255.
17. Hasmanova Marhankova J., Fries-Tersch E. Safer and healthier at work at any age: Country inventory Czech Republic. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. 26 p.
18. Hitchcock, A., Pickles, C., Riggs, A. The Work and Health Programme: Levelling the playing field. Reform, 2016. URL: https://bigsocietycapital.fra1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/documents/The_Work_and_Health_Programme_-_levelling_the_playing_field_-_Reform_-_2016.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
19. Hinrichs S., Bromberg T., Fries-Tersch E. Safer and healthier at work at any age: Country inventory Germany. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. 47 p.
20. Freiler A. et al. Glossary for the implementation of Health in All Policies (HiAP) // Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2013. Vol. 67. P. 1068–1072.
21. Johansson, E., Böckerman, P., Lundqvist, A. Self-reported health versus biomarkers: does unemployment lead to worse health? // Public Health. 2020. Vol. 179. P. 127–134. DOI:10.1016/J.PUHE.2019.10.005.
22. Kaneva, M. The Application of Quasi-Experimental Approaches to the Analysis of the Relationship Between Employment and Health // Panoeconomicus. 2024. P. 1–27. DOI:10.2298/PAN230130018K.
23. Kaneva M., Zafarjonova M. The Impact of Employment Transition on Self-reported Health in Russia (2015–2022) // Population and Economics. 2025. (in print).
24. Kolybashkina N., Sukhova A., Ustinova M., Demianova A., Shubina D. Barriers and Opportunities to Employment for Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2021. URL: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099320005122221061/pdf/P176669056fc9602008a55032965cb683b9.pdf (дата обращения: 16.08.2025).
25. Lelliott P., Tulloch S., Boardman J., Harvey S., Henderson M., Knapp M. Health, work and wellbeing. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2008. 68 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c194640f0b645ba3c6af5/hwwb-mental-health-and-work.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
26. Magnavita N. et al. Workplace health promotion programs in different areas of Europe // Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health. 2017. Vol. 14, no. 2. P. e12439-1–e12439-8.
27. Marmont, M., Bell, R. Fair society, healthy lives // Public Health. 2012. Vol. 126, Suppl. 1. P. S4–S10. DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.014.
28. McGee R., Bevan S., Quadrello T. Fit for work? Musculoskeletal disorders and the Dutch labour market. London: The Work Foundation, 2009. 101 p.
29. Melkas T. Health in all policies as a priority in Finnish health policy // Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2013. Vol. 41, Suppl. 11. P. 3–28.
30. Memorandum submitted by the Health and Safety Executive. 2006. URL: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmworpen/1143/6052402.htm (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
31. Newton B., Gloster R. Summary: Evaluation of the Health-led Employment Trials. Research and analysis, 2023. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-led-employment-trials-evaluation/summary-evaluation-of-the-health-led-employment-trials (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
32. OECD. Organisation of public employment services at the local level in Sweden // OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers. 2023. No. 2023/03. Paris: OECD Publishing. DOI:10.1787/24edca19-en.
33. Puska P., Stahl T. Health in All Policies — The Finnish initiative: Background, principles and other issues // The Annual Review of Public Health. 2010. Vol. 31.P. 315–328.
34. Ronchetti J., Terriau A. Impact of unemployment on self-perceived health // European Journal Health Economics. 2019. No. 20. P. 879–89. DOI:10.1007/s10198-019-01050-5
35. Schultz I., Stowell A., Feuerstein M., Gatchell R. Models of return to work for musculoskeletal disorders // Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 2007. Vol. 17. P. 327–352.
36. Schuring, M., Mackenbach, J., Voorham, T., Burdorf, A. The Effect of Re-employment on Perceived Health // Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 2011. Vol. 65, no. 7. P. 639–644. DOI:10.1136/JECH.2009.103838.
37. Skriabikova O., Cavaco Y., Fries-Tersch E. Safer and healthier at work at any age: Country inventory the Netherlands. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2016. 43 p.
38. Stauder, J. Unemployment, unemployment duration, and health: selection or causation? // The European Journal of Health Economics. 2019. Vol. 20, P. 59–73. DOI:10.1007/s10198-018-0982-2
39. Sustainable employability in regions and sectors in the Netherlands. OECD, 2025. URL: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/starting-scaling-and-sustaining-social-innovation_e870b06b-en/sustainable-employability-in-regions-and-sectors-in-the-netherlands_70fb849f-en.html (дата обращения: 02.07.2025).
40. Vaalavuo, M. Deterioration in health: What is the role of unemployment and poverty? // Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2016. Vol. 44, No. 4. P. 347–353. DOI:10.1177/1403494815623654.
41. Waddell G., Burton A.K. Is work good for your health and well-being? London: TSO, 2006. 257 p.
42. Waddell G., Burton A.K., Kendall N. Vocational Rehabilitation: What works, for whom, and when? London: TSO, 2008. 309 p. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7ccd8bed915d6b29fa8c2b/hwwb-vocational-rehabilitation.pdf (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
43. Work and Health Programme statistics: background information and methodology. Guidance. Last updated 29 May 2025. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/work-and-health-programme-statistics-background-information-and-methodology/work-and-health-progamme-statistics-background-information-and-methodology (дата обращения: 12.08.2025).
Опубликован
2026-02-11
Как цитировать
КаневаМ., ЗафаржоноваМ., & МихеевС. (2026). ПРОГРАММЫ ЗАНЯТОСТИ С УЧЕТОМ ЗДОРОВЬЯ: ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ОПЫТА . Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления, (4). извлечено от https://vgmu.hse.ru/article/view/28045
Выпуск
Раздел
ОБЗОР ЗАРУБЕЖНОГО ОПЫТА
Copyright (c) 2025 Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
