СЕТЕВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ НА ОСНОВЕ ФОРСАЙТА: ОПЫТ ЯПОНИИ
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрен кейс Японии по применению форсайта науки и технологий в системе государственного управления научно-технологическим развитием. В условиях смены трендов, возникновения новых вызовов и реализации слабо предсказуемых событий государству был необходим такой инструмент управления наукой, который позволил бы в полной мере использовать ее потенциал, осуществлять долгосрочное прогнозирование и определять приоритеты развития. Таким инструментом стал форсайт.
В ходе административных реформ 1990 – начала 2000-х гг. была упорядочена и зафиксирована система, объединившая органы исполнительной власти, организации, представляющие интересы бизнеса, и научные центры, включая Национальный институт научно-технической политики, считающийся пионером в области национальных форсайтов. Такая структура обеспечила прямое доведение до сведения лиц, ответственных за принятие и реализацию решений, результатов исследований по долгосрочному прогнозированию и их применение при разработке пятилетних базовых планов развития науки, технологий и инноваций – основополагающих документов в сфере управления научно-технологическим развитием.
В статье представлен контекст, в котором возник запрос государства на форсайт, приведены факторы, способствовавшие его интеграции в управление наукой и технологиями. В разветвленной сетевой системе, объединившей представителей государственной, частной и академической сфер, включение форсайта науки и технологий в процессы принятия решений с постепенным ростом его значимости обеспечило преемственность и системность взаимодействия, партисипативность, создание широких горизонтальных связей.
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