Issue 2019 no6 contents:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of ethical leadership, work culture, and public service motivation on risk aversion and its impact on organizational citizenship behavior. Risk aversion is the prudence of public employees so as not to violate laws and regulations. Risk aversion variable is treated as a consequent variable of ethical leadership, work culture, and motivation based on portfolio theory. The theory sees risk aversion as a contextual behavior, rather than as an individual characteristic. This study was designed with a quantitative descriptive design in a sample of 130 civil servants in the Tapin District Government, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by structural equation modeling. The resulting model has a GFI 0.910; CFI 1,000; and RMSEA 0,000. The study found that ethicalleadership has a positive effect on risk aversion but does not have a significant impact on organizational citizenship behavior; work culture has a positive effect on risk aversion and organizational citizenship behavior; public service motivation does not affect risk aversion but has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior; and risk aversion has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This study has implications regarding the importance of the government to develop ethical leadership and a professional work culture in order to encourage the compliance of civil servants in the legislation. This research has a high originality value because it is the first in examining the determinants and antecedents of risk aversion in the context of public employees.

Absenteeism affects state-owned companies who are obliged to undertake strategies to prevent it, be efficient and conduct effective human resource (HR) management. This paper aims to understand the reasons for Public Administration Employees’ (PAE) absenteeism and predict future employee absences. Data from 17,600 PAE from seven public databases regarding their 2016 absences was collected, and the Recency, Frequency and Monetary (RFM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was used for modeling the absence duration, backed up with a 10-fold cross-validation scheme. Results revealed that the worker profile is less relevant than the absence characteristics. The most concerning employee profile was uncovered, and a set of scenarios is provided regarding the expected days of absence in the future for each scenario. The veracity of the absence motives could not be proven and thus are totally reliable. In addition, the number of records of one absence day was disproportionate to the other records. The findings are of value to the Human Capital Management department in order to support their decisions regarding the allocation of workers and productivity management and use these valuable insights in the recruitment process. Until now, little has been known concerning the characteristics that affect PAE absenteeism, therefore enriching the necessity for further understanding of this matter in this particular.

Governance and anti-corruption policies and plans, which are supported by international organizations such as the World Bank, together determine all the vital goals in developing countries. There is no doubt about the desirability of good governance. On the other hand, while Western institutions try to force a version of good governance on countries like Iran, Islamic history has two brilliant applicable periods of divine rule. In Islam, two governments or favorable rulings have existed: one during the Prophet (peace be upon him), and the other during the period of Imam Ali (AS). Therefore, the critical questions can be classified as follows.
How vital are these goals in terms of both development goals and the necessary governance preconditions for development? Are these goals really achievable in developing countries? What are the indicators of the Islamic system in fighting against corruption and the achievement of good governance? Does a focus on these issues distract us from the more important and unattainable reforms that speed up the achievement of governance goals?
Generally, focusing on the corruption and implementing good governance reforms in developing countries diverts the attention from practical policies. Although, there are many types of corruption in developing countries, it is vital to create the necessary governance capacities to identify and limit the most destructive types of corruption. Therefore, there is a framework for identifying various types of corruption, in order to set priorities for institutional reform and successful anti-corruption policies. This paper is based on descriptive and analytical methods and all data were collected in the form of documentary studies.

The purpose of this research was to identify the key factors affecting active citizen participation in local governance and understand the extent to which each of them affects the potential participation. A survey was conducted among 1004 citizens of Yerevan to reveal the main characteristics of those who were for and against active participation, their attitudes towards certain types of participation, as well as the reasons for not participating. The questions included in the questionnaire resulted in an input of both dependent and independent variables (predictors). Raw data were processed through Microsoft Excel and then imported into SPSS 20.0 software. Collected primary source data were used to build a binary logistic regression model. The 0.353 value of Nagelkerke R2, which characterizes the predictive power of the logistic regression, may be considered a significant result for analyses in social sciences. The models also revealed individual relationships between potential citizen participation and some specific variables that might enable local authorities to carry out more targeted and effective policies in terms of participatory governance. Disclosure of such relationships can be useful not only for ensuring active participation of citizens in local governance, but also in terms of contribution both to the theory and practice of public administration.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to map and explore network governance in a disaster relief situation. The case of the Bangkok Thailand flood relief of 2011 was used to examine network governance in four relief activities: food activities, relief items activities, medical service activities, and rescue activities.
Design/methodology/approach. We used multimethod research combining Social Network Analyses (SNAs) and in-depth interviews with 16 organizations and 29 key informants representing state organizations, the private sector, Local Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and the social sector involved in the relief activities of the Bangkok fl ood relief in 2011.
Finding. We found contrasting modes of network governance in the four Bangkok flood relief activities. The networks within food and relief items activities were more connected, with the local NGOs, university, military and voluntary sectors being the key stakeholders, while the networks within medical services and rescue activities were segregated representing specialization roles within state organizations, the private sector, local NGOs and social sectors in the medical and rescue activities.
Practical implications. The findings highlight the importance of identifying patterns of network governance during disaster reliefs at it can help policy makers in formulating an effective disaster reliefs management.
Originality/value. This paper for the first time presents the pattern of network governance in the context of disaster relief activities using Bangkok flood relief 2011as a case study.

This article explores the model of indigenous village governance as an approach to determine locality value adopted. This approach was chosen in order to criticize the concept of governance which has so far neglected the value of locality that exists in society. This research uses the qualitative method while analyzing the individual and social relationships of people living in Tanah Toa, Indonesia. The research focus is on indigenous governance actors, processes, and regulations. The result shows that Tanah Toa runs the governance with locality value based on three aspects. The first consists of civil society groups while neglecting partners such as market and state. The second focuses on determining whether service delivery to the community is more inclusive, isolated and not integrated with the modern government system. Thirdly, it is self-regulatory, with the rule that runs in government initiated by the community.

The paper looks into the specifics of cross-border investments related to changes in the direction of capital flow. The growth factors regarding the export of capital have been identified from the point of view of the Neo-Keynesian theory of investment, which describes a situation when the economy of a country demonstrates a stable excess of the gross saving rate (gross saving to GDP ratio) over the gross accumulation rate (gross accumulation to GDP ratio), which can be the result of forcing exports and/or rapidly growing prices for the main export commodities. The paper presents the results of the evaluated international investment activity of the Russian Federation in 2018–2019, formed with standard components. The main indicators, characterizing financial stability and positions of the Russian banking system given the sectoral limitations, have been reported.
The key trade and investment positions of the Russian Federation and the EU countries have been analyzed. Calculations have been made to demonstrate the volume of direct Russian investments in the EU countries within 2010–2017. Some peculiarities have been identified and the presence of asymmetry in the investment cooperation between the EU and the RF has been confirmed. Specific features of the Russian export of capital have been revealed. A range of factors, preconditioning a growth of flow of Russian bank capital to the countries of the EU, has been formed. The main parameters of the international investment activity of Russian banking institutions have been presented and some data have been given on the geographical distribution of foreign assets and liabilities of the Russian bank sector by groups of countries and individual (most attractive for Russian investment) countries of the world. It has been concluded that supporting European expansion of the national banking institutions could be one of the prioritized directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the banking sector.

The primary self-governing unit of the local self-governing body in the Slovak Republic is a municipality. Its fundamental role is to take care of the comprehensive development of the municipal territory and the needs of its inhabitants. Currently, there are 2,890 municipalities in Slovakia, of which 140 are towns. Since these towns/cities play an increasingly important role in the economic, social and cultural development of the state, we deal with the evaluation of the economic results of the district towns in our article. We define
the assumption that the level of financial self-sufficiency is influenced by the level of economic maturity of the territory where the city is located. The research findings suggest that the indicator of financial independency achieves the highest values in those towns located within the territories of Western and Central Slovakia, thus, in the most economically advanced areas of the country. The towns located within these areas are more populated because of better employment opportunities and low unemployment rates. The fiscal decentralization assumed an increase of own tax revenues of local self-government, however, the goal has only partially been fulfilled. The most significant item of tax revenue is personal income tax, which is the only one with the character of a share tax. The redistribution amount and criteria of this tax are beyond the power of the towns, although the revenues from this tax are included in their own tax revenues. Since there are considerable differences in the economic levels of parts of the country and there are changes in the demographic structure and natural conditions, there is a need to re-assess the redistribution criteria of this tax into the budgets of the towns in Slovakia. We assume that this will result in a reduction of the differences in the scope and quality of provision of public services provided by these towns.

Despite awareness of the importance of sustaining the environment plus regulations to deter the use of plastic bags when shopping, ceasing to use plastic bags is a behavior that does not come easily to Indonesian consumers. Our survey shows that government regulations alone do not have a direct effect in lessening the use of plastic bags. However, it turns out that guidance through the presence of eco-friendly awareness could be used by the government as a basis to manage consumer behavior in the market. Given this, the Indonesian government would be able to make better policies related to the use of plastic bags in Indonesia, for example, to create a policy where a percentage of goods sold have to be in the form of green products. Indonesian customers tend to reduce their plastic bag usage or purchase green products as a reaction to eco-friendly awareness. This study comes up with a law-like generalization model with regarding to the relationship among variables: government regulations, eco-friendly awareness, the intention to continue using plastic bags, and the intention to purchase green products. This study reveals that the government managing consumer behavior solely through campaigning on eco-friendly matters is not sufficient. They should emphasize more on providing good quality green products in addition to raising community awareness of environmental sustainability, since this research has found that green products are an alternative to using plastic bags.